{"id":75,"date":"2020-01-01T01:52:07","date_gmt":"2020-01-01T06:52:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/?p=75"},"modified":"2020-01-01T01:52:07","modified_gmt":"2020-01-01T06:52:07","slug":"a-brief-introduction-of-silver-nanoparticles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/nanoparticles\/a-brief-introduction-of-silver-nanoparticles\/","title":{"rendered":"A Brief Introduction of Silver Nanoparticles"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/A-Brief-Introduction-of-Silver-Nanoparticles-1-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-76\" srcset=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/A-Brief-Introduction-of-Silver-Nanoparticles-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, \/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/A-Brief-Introduction-of-Silver-Nanoparticles-1-300x200.jpg 300w, \/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/A-Brief-Introduction-of-Silver-Nanoparticles-1-768x512.jpg 768w, \/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/A-Brief-Introduction-of-Silver-Nanoparticles-1-120x80.jpg 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Metal\nnanoparticles have been widely used in broad applications in various fields.\nRecently, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/product\/silver-nanoparticles-list-166.html\">silver\nnanoparticles<\/a> (AgNPs) attract a lot of attention due to their\nsuperior physical, chemical, and biological properties as well as the low-cost\nand abundance of raw materials. AgNPs have shown their great potential in\nanti-bacterial, anti-cancer therapeutics, diagnostics, optoelectronics, water\ntreatment, and other clinical applications. There are studies shown that the\nphysical, optical, and catalytic properties of AgNPs can be strongly affected\nby their size, distribution, morphological shape, and surface properties. The\nsize of AgNPs can be tailored to specific applications. For example, for drug\ndelivery, AgNPs are usually synthesized greater than 100 nm so that a proper\nquantity of drug can be delivered. The morphological shape of AgNPs could be in\nvarious shapes such as rod, triangle, round, octahedral, and polyhedral. As for\nthe surface properties of AgNPs, they are generally modified by diverse\nsynthetic methods, reducing agents and stabilizers. These exceptional\nproperties of AgNPs have enabled their use in the fields of nanomedicine,\npharmacy, biosensing, and biomedical engineering. In this article, we attempt\nto present you a brief introduction of silver nanoparticles about their\nsynthesis and characterization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Synthesis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Physical method<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nevaporation\u2013condensation approach and the laser ablation technique are usually\nused for the physical synthesis of AgNPs. These two methods can fabricate a\nlarge quantity of AgNPs which are highly pure and chemicals releasing toxic\nsubstances or jeopardizing human health and environment will not be used during\nsynthesis. In addition to these advantages, there are also several challenges:\n1) agglomeration would occur due to the non-addition of capping agents; 2)\ngreater power, relatively longer duration of synthesis and complex equipment are\nrequired when fabricating, leading to an increased operating cost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Chemical method<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Metallic\nNPs can be synthesized by reducing their metal salts in an aqueous (or organic)\nsolution to be a colloidal dispersion. Using this strategy, many metallic salts\nare already applied to synthesize corresponding metal NPs including gold,\nsilver, iron, zinc oxide, copper, palladium, and platinum. For the chemical\nsynthesis of AgNPs, they are usually fabricated via the Brust-Schiffrin or the\nTurkevich method. Moreover, with the presence of reducing and capping agents,\nthe characteristics of AgNPs such as size distribution, shape, and dispersion\nrate can be easily changed or modified. In order to avoid aggregation,\nstabilizing agents will also be used. During the synthesis, several factors\nshould be considered for a safer and more effective fabrication, including the\nchoice of solvent medium, the use of an environment-friendly reducing agent and\nthe selection of relatively non-toxic substances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Green method<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The\ngreen method refers to the metal NP synthesis method using biological entities\n(microorganisms and plant extracts). Green synthesis is a promising alternative\nto physical and chemical methods because no toxic chemicals agents are used and\nno hazardous byproducts will be produced and those capping agents for the\nstabilization of AgNPs are all natural. Microorganisms such as bacteria and\nfungi have been utilized for the remediation of toxic materials by reducing\nmetal ions. In these bacteria, their intracellular components function as the\nreducing and stabilizing agents when synthesizing AgNPs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Characterization<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The\ncharacterization of AgNPs is to determine the phase purity, shape, size,\nmorphology, electronic transition plasmonic character, atomic environment,\nsurface charge, etc. Several advanced analytical techniques are involved\nincluding electron microscopic techniques (atomic force microscopy (AFM),\nelectron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), surface enhanced Raman scattering\n(SERS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy\n(TEM) and their corresponding energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and\nselected area electron diffraction (SAED for crystallinity). Surface\nmorphology, size, and overall shape can be determined by SEM-\/TEM-\/EELS-supported\nEDX. There are many other techniques applied to determine the size\ndistribution, dispersibility, average particle diameter of AgNPs:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS): diffusion coefficients, hydrodynamic radii, average concentrations, and kinetic chemical reaction;<\/li><li>X-ray diffraction (XRD): phase purity with crystal parameters and particle size;<\/li><li>UV-Vis spectroscopy: band gap, particle size electronic interaction;<\/li><li>X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS): surface environment of elemental arrangement;<\/li><li>Raman spectroscopy: submicron spatial resolution average size and size distribution;<\/li><li>Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR): structure, compositions, diffusivity of nanomaterials and dynamic interaction of species under investigation;<\/li><li>Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS): size distribution, shape, orientation, and structure of a variety of polymers and nanomaterials.  <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>References:<br>1.&nbsp;Chouhan, N. (2018). Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications. <em>Silver Nanoparticles: Fabrication, Characterization and Applications<\/em>, 21.<br>2. Lee, S. H., &amp; Jun, B. H. (2019). Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis and application for nanomedicine. <em>International journal of molecular sciences<\/em>, 20(4), 865.<br>3. Siddiqi, K. S., Husen, A., &amp; Rao, R. A. (2018). A review on biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and their biocidal properties. <em>Journal of nanobiotechnology<\/em>, 16(1), 14. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Metal nanoparticles have been widely used in broad applications in various fields. Recently, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) attract a lot of<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[12],"class_list":["post-75","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nanoparticles","tag-silver-nanoparticles"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=75"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":81,"href":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75\/revisions\/81"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=75"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=75"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=75"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}