{"id":267,"date":"2021-04-19T03:24:26","date_gmt":"2021-04-19T08:24:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/?p=267"},"modified":"2021-04-19T03:24:26","modified_gmt":"2021-04-19T08:24:26","slug":"the-potential-toxicological-effects-of-microplastics-polystyrene-particles-on-human","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/nanoparticles\/the-potential-toxicological-effects-of-microplastics-polystyrene-particles-on-human\/","title":{"rendered":"The Potential Toxicological Effects of Microplastics (Polystyrene Particles) On Human"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Potential-Toxicological-Effects-of-Polystyrene-Particles-On-Human-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-268\" srcset=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Potential-Toxicological-Effects-of-Polystyrene-Particles-On-Human-1024x683.jpg 1024w, \/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Potential-Toxicological-Effects-of-Polystyrene-Particles-On-Human-300x200.jpg 300w, \/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Potential-Toxicological-Effects-of-Polystyrene-Particles-On-Human-768x512.jpg 768w, \/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Potential-Toxicological-Effects-of-Polystyrene-Particles-On-Human-120x80.jpg 120w, \/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Potential-Toxicological-Effects-of-Polystyrene-Particles-On-Human.jpg 1599w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Microplastics\n(such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/product\/polystyrene-ps-list-219.html\">polystyrene\nparticles<\/a>), which are small plastic particles, films, fragments, pellets,\nand textile fibers, are the main carriers that cause environmental pollution.\nMicroplastics, whose particle sizes range from a few microns to a few\nmillimeters, are inhomogeneous plastic mixtures with various shapes. They are\noften difficult to distinguish with the naked eye, and are vividly called\n&#8220;PM2.5 in the sea&#8221;. For example, polystyrene particles are small in\nsize with a higher specific surface area. The larger the specific surface area\nis, the stronger the ability to adsorb pollutants is. Polystyrene particles are\nlike the &#8220;cars&#8221; of pollutants, and polystyrene particles adsorbing\npollutants can wander around the environment. In 2014, at the first United\nNations Environment Programme, marine plastic litter was listed as one of the\ntop ten urgent environmental problems, and special attention was paid to microplastics.\nIn the next year, microplastic pollution was listed as the second-largest\nscientific problem in the field of environmental and ecological science and\nbecame a major global environmental problem alongside global climate change and\nozone depletion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Source\nof microplastics<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Microplastics\ncome from a wide range of sources, including a variety of plastic packaging,\nproducts, mulch used in agricultural production, and so on. These waste plastic\nproducts are exposed to the natural environment and are slowly decomposed under\nthe combined action of weathering and biodegradation. But they can not be\ncompletely degraded, they will become smaller gradually into microplastics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In\naddition, plastic particles are usually added to personal care and cosmetics as\nabrasives in exfoliators. These microplastic particles are so small that they\ncan float on the surface of the water, and the city&#8217;s wastewater treatment\nsystem cannot deal with them at all. Since they cannot be decomposed, after\nleaving the system freely, they can enter other environmental systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Moreover,\nthe fine fibers that release from the clothing during washing are also an\nimportant source of microplastic fibers. Scientists simulated the household\nwashing process and found that washing an average of 6 kg of synthetic material\nclothing could release an estimated 137,951 fibers from polyester-cotton blend\nfabric, 496,030 fibers from polyester, and 728,789 from acrylic. The fabric can\nalso produce some microplastic fibers in the process of daily use or wear. The\nplastic masterbatch leaked by the plastic products factory and the wear of\nautomobile tires will also produce a large number of microplastics. Through\nprecipitation, runoff, and municipal sewage, microplastics migrate, aggregate,\nand accumulate in various environmental media.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Microplastics\non the dining table<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nsmaller the size of microplastics, the more likely they are to be eaten by\norganisms. Microplastics with low density are more likely to be eaten by\naquatic organisms, while zoobenthos is more likely to eat microplastics with\nhigher density. Scientists estimate that about 690 species of marine life are\naffected by plastics, of which at least 10% ingest microplastics. At present,\nmicroplastics have been found in the intestines and tissues of many aquatic\norganisms. At this stage, organisms that have eaten microplastics include\nplankton, shellfish, and fish, and the range is constantly expanding. Some\nstudies have shown that the ingestion of microplastics by aquatic organisms\nwill first cause physical damage to the organisms themselves. These\nmicroplastic fragments and fibers which are eaten by organisms cause mechanical\nwear and blockage to the digestive system of aquatic organisms by winding and\nwearing the digestive tract of feeding organisms. Mechanical wear and blockage\nof the digestive system will reduce the food intake of aquatic organisms,\nproduce a sense of pseudo-satiety, etc., and eventually lead to aquatic\norganism&#8217;s hunger and even death.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Microplastics\nnot only carry their own toxic substances but also absorb a large number of\nchemical pollutants such as heavy metals and organic pollutants into organisms\nfrom the surrounding environment, thus causing certain toxicological effects on\norganisms. Because microplastics are not easy to degrade and have a light\ntexture, they are easily moved in the food chain, exposing more animals to\nharmful substances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Potential toxicological effects of microplastics on human cells In order to investigate the potential toxicological effects of microplastics on human cells, Goodman et al. exposed cultured human alveolar A549 cells to polystyrene microplastic (PSMP) with diameters of 1 and 10 \u03bcm. Cell viability was determined by trypan blue staining and Calcein-AM staining. It was found that both polystyrene particles of these two sizes caused a significant decrease in cell proliferation but showed little cytotoxicity. Even if the concentration of PSMPs was as high as 100 \u03bcg\/mL, the cell survival rate did not drop below 93%. Despite this high survival rate, further tests showed that the decline in the population level of cell metabolic activity paralleled the sharp decline in the rate of proliferation in cells exposed to PSMP. In addition, the phase contrast imaging of living cells at 72 h showed that the cell morphology changed significantly under the action of microplastics. This is the first report of exposure of human cells to an environmental contaminant resulting in the dual effects of inhibition of cell proliferation and major changes in cell morphology. Their results show that human exposure to microplastic pollution has significant consequences and potential harm. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>References:<br> Napper, I. E., &amp; Thompson, R. C. (2016). Release of synthetic microplastic plastic fibres from domestic washing machines: Effects of fabric type and washing conditions. Marine pollution bulletin, 112(1-2), 39-45.<br> Goodman, K. E., Hare, J. T., Khamis, Z. I., Hua, T., &amp; Sang, Q. X. A. (2021). Exposure of Human Lung Cells to Polystyrene Microplastics Significantly Retards Cell Proliferation and Triggers Morphological Changes. Chemical Research in Toxicology. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Microplastics (such as polystyrene particles), which are small plastic particles, films, fragments, pellets, and textile fibers, are the main carriers<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[63,73,72],"class_list":["post-267","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nanoparticles","tag-polymer-nanoparticles","tag-polystyrene-particles","tag-ps-particles"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/267","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=267"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/267\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":269,"href":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/267\/revisions\/269"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=267"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=267"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=267"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}