{"id":154,"date":"2020-06-06T02:27:08","date_gmt":"2020-06-06T07:27:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/?p=154"},"modified":"2020-06-06T02:27:08","modified_gmt":"2020-06-06T07:27:08","slug":"the-antibacterial-nanomaterials-you-ever-see","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/applications\/the-antibacterial-nanomaterials-you-ever-see\/","title":{"rendered":"The Antibacterial Nanomaterials You Ever See"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"994\" height=\"504\" src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/The-Antibacterial-Nanomaterials-You-Ever-See-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-155\" srcset=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/The-Antibacterial-Nanomaterials-You-Ever-See-1.jpg 994w, \/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/The-Antibacterial-Nanomaterials-You-Ever-See-1-300x152.jpg 300w, \/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/The-Antibacterial-Nanomaterials-You-Ever-See-1-768x389.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 994px) 100vw, 994px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The\ndevelopment and use of antibacterial materials to inhibit and kill harmful\nbacteria is an important aspect to improve human health. Traditional\nantibacterial materials, such as antibiotics and quaternary ammonium salts, not\nonly lead to microbial resistance but also cause serious environmental\npollution. Nanomaterials have the characteristics of strong transmembrane\nability, inhibition of efflux pump, and not easy to induce bacterial drug resistance,\nso they are expected to become a new substitute for antibiotics. The following\nare the nanomaterials that can be used for antibacterial purposes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/product\/silver-nanoparticles-list-166.html\">Silver\nnanoparticles<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Among\nthe many metals and their oxide nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles have the best\nantimicrobial effect and the most extensive research. Many researchers have\nconfirmed that silver nanoparticles have effective inhibitory effects on\nbacteria, viruses, and fungi, especially on antibiotic-resistant strains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nantibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles with different sizes is different,\nand generally, the effect decreases with the increase of particle size. In\naddition to silver nanoparticles, other shapes of silver nanomaterials, such as\nsilver nanowires, and silver nanorods, also have antimicrobial activity, but\ndiffer in antibacterial effects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/product\/spherical-gold-nanoparticles-list-164.html\">Gold\nnanoparticles<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Because\nof their unique physical and chemical properties, gold nanoparticles show good\nantibacterial effects <em>in vivo<\/em> and <em>in vitro<\/em>, whether they are used\nas antimicrobial carriers or modified therapeutic agents. Gold nanoparticles\nhave a broad antibacterial spectrum, various antibacterial mechanisms, and good\nbiocompatibility, so they have a good prospect of clinical application.\nHowever, the understanding of its structural stability, antibacterial\nmechanism, long-term safety, and cytotoxicity of surface modification remains\nto be further discussed and improved through follow-up research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Molybdenum\ndisulfide<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A new\ntype of antimicrobial agent was constructed by loading silver ion with cysteine\nmodified molybdenum disulfide. This antimicrobial agent has broad-spectrum\nbactericidal behavior. It has obvious bactericidal behavior against\nGram-negative <em>Escherichia coli<\/em> and Gram-positive <em>Staphylococcus\naureus<\/em>. This material not only has a strong killing ability to harmful\nbacteria but also has little effect on human cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fullerene<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lyon et\nal. found that no reactive oxygen species were detected in Escherichia coli\ntreated with C60, indicating that the antibacterial mechanism of C60 may not\ndepend on the active oxygen pathway. It has also been suggested by other\nstudies that the antibacterial effect of fullerenes on prokaryotic cells is\nmediated by lipid peroxidation of cell membrane. Moreover, fullerenes also have\nantiviral effects. However, the antibacterial mechanism of fullerene is still\ncontroversial. Some scientists believe that fullerene can cause photocatalysis\nto produce reactive oxygen species in eukaryotic cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/product\/graphene-and-carbon-nanotube-list-173.html\">Carbon\nnanotubes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At\npresent, there are many reports on the antibacterial properties of carbon\nnanotubes which have a good inhibitory effect on bacteria and fungi. The\nantibacterial properties of carbon nanotubes are affected by many factors.\nSingle-walled carbon nanotubes with smaller diameters are favorable for segmentation\nand easier to penetrate into the cell wall, while their larger surface area is\nmore conducive to contact and react with the cell surface. Therefore, the\nantibacterial performance of single-walled carbon nanotubes is better than that\nof multi-walled carbon nanotubes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/product\/graphene-list-222.html\">Graphene\noxide<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Researchers\nexplored the antibacterial properties of graphene oxide and found that the\ninhibition rate to <em>E. coli<\/em> after incubation with graphene oxide\nnanosuspension for 2 hours exceeded 90%. Further results show that the antibacterial\nproperties of graphene oxide stem from its damage to the cell membrane of <em>E.\ncoli<\/em>. More importantly, graphene oxide is not only a new type of excellent\nantibacterial material but also has little cytotoxicity in mammalian cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hydroxyapatite<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hydroxyapatite\n(HA) has good biocompatibility, biological activity, and thermal stability. By\nion exchange, the silver ions are loaded on HA to obtain silver-loaded\nhydroxyapatite antibacterial agent, which was used in the spraying process and\nlater stage of wet processing of leather. Its application range is wider than\nthat of photocatalytic antibacterial agents, and its high-temperature\nresistance is better than that of other inorganic silver-carrying antibacterial\nagents. It is a promising inorganic antibacterial agent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Other\nmetal nanomaterials<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Copper, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and other nanoparticles have antibacterial and antiviral activities. Heavy metal salts such as copper, lead, and mercury can react with sulfhydryl groups in proteins or replace metal ions in enzymes, resulting in the inactivation of most enzymes. Therefore, heavy metal ions have broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiviral activity. In addition to the above materials, graphene quantum dots, nitrogen carbide, nano-diamonds, etc. all exhibit huge antibacterial potential. However, in the process of transforming them into practical applications, many problems need to be faced and more researches should be done. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>References:<br>1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Li, Q., Mahendra, S., Lyon, D. Y., Brunet, L., Liga, M. V., Li, D., &amp; Alvarez, P. J. (2008). Antimicrobial nanomaterials for water disinfection and microbial control: potential applications and implications. <em>Water research<\/em>, 42(18), 4591-4602.<br>2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sayes, C. M., Gobin, A. M., Ausman, K. D., Mendez, J., West, J. L., &amp; Colvin, V. L. (2005). Nano-C60 cytotoxicity is due to lipid peroxidation. <em>Biomaterials<\/em>, 26(36), 7587-7595. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The development and use of antibacterial materials to inhibit and kill harmful bacteria is an important aspect to improve human<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[40,8,29,12],"class_list":["post-154","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-applications","tag-fullerene","tag-gold-nanoparticles","tag-graphene","tag-silver-nanoparticles"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/154","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=154"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/154\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":156,"href":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/154\/revisions\/156"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=154"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=154"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cd-bioparticles.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=154"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}